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Evolution of pH buffers and water homeostasis in eukaryotes: homology between humans and Acanthamoeba proteins

    Abdul M Baig

    *Author for correspondence:

    E-mail Address: abdul.mannan@aku.edu

    Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Sindh, Stadium Road, Karachi, 78400 Sindh, Pakistan

    ,
    R Zohaib

    Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Sindh, Stadium Road, Karachi, 78400 Sindh, Pakistan

    ,
    S Tariq

    Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine & Drug Research, University of Karachi, 75270, Sindh, Pakistan

    &
    HR Ahmad

    Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Sindh, Stadium Road, Karachi, 78400 Sindh, Pakistan

    Published Online:https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb-2017-0116

    Aim: This study intended to trace the evolution of acid–base buffers and water homeostasis in eukaryotes. Acanthamoeba castellanii  was selected as a model unicellular eukaryote for this purpose. Homologies of proteins involved in pH and water regulatory mechanisms at cellular levels were compared between humans and A. castellanii. Materials & methods: Amino acid sequence homology, structural homology, 3D modeling and docking prediction were done to show the extent of similarities between carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA1), aquaporin (AQP), band-3 protein and H+ pump. Experimental assays were done with acetazolamide (AZM), brinzolamide and mannitol to observe their effects on the trophozoites of  A. castellanii. Results: The human CA1, AQP, band-3 protein and H+-transport proteins revealed similar proteins in Acanthamoeba. Docking showed the binding of AZM on amoebal AQP-like proteins.  Acanthamoeba showed transient shape changes and encystation at differential doses of brinzolamide, mannitol and AZM.  Conclusion: Water and pH regulating adapter proteins in Acanthamoeba and humans show significant homology, these mechanisms evolved early in the primitive unicellular eukaryotes and have remained conserved in multicellular eukaryotes.

    Papers of special note have been highlighted as: •• of considerable interest

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